Grant Information
| Knowledge Area | Subject of Investigation | Field of Science | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| 212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants | 1440 - Cole crops (includes cabbage, kale, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi) | 1040 - Molecular biology | 50% |
| 212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants | 1440 - Cole crops (includes cabbage, kale, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi) | 1120 - Nematology | 50% |
This project is to create new, more effective, and more sustainable strategies to manage a plant-parasitic nematode (sugarbeet cyst nematode). The sugarbeet cyst nematode causes considerable economic damage, affecting sugar beets and a wide range of other important crop plants such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cauliflower, kale, mustard, spinach, Swiss chard, radish, rapini, and others. This nematode has been reported to be among the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in the world. Current methods to control this nematode are inadequate, and therefore new management strategies are needed. Our project will endeavor to create new management strategies by determining the relationships between a beneficial fungus and the sugarbeet cyst nematode, and then using that information to manage the nematode. If our project is successful, it has the potential to be extended to other nematodes that cause large amounts of crop damage, including the soybean cyst nematode.
1a. Determine the Interactions Among Crop Cultivars and the Indigenous Hyperparasite Dactylella oviparasitica Enabling Development of Sugarbeet Cyst Nematode Suppressive Soils1b. Developing Cropping Decision Models that Enable the Creation of Maintenance of Soils that Suppress the Sugarbeet Cyst NematodeThis objective is to develop predictive models of the population dynamics between D. oviparasitica and H. schachtii in relation to the types of sugar beet cultivars, soil and D. oviparasitica. This will be accomplished by performing a series of greenhouse experiments using sugar beet field soils from the Imperial Valley that contain various amounts of D. oviparasitica.The sugar beet cultivars are those commonly used by Imperial Valley (CA) growers. The comparison of soils that have been autoclaved and not is a standard method enabling the determination of biological suppressiveness; if there are microorganisms that reduce H. schachtii population densities in a soil, such reductions will be observed in the non-autoclave soils compared to the autoclaved soil, both of which will be subsequently infested with H. schachtii as described below. In addition, our experiments will only examine soils that contain H. schachtii population densities that are above the economic damage threshold of 2 eggs/gram of soil, because this is when an organism like D. oviparasitica will be needed. To accomplish this, we will both enumerate the number of nematodes in each field soil as described above in RT2 and add H. schachtii J2 juveniles as described below. We will also include one control soil, which will be our H. schachtii suppressive 9E field soil located at the Agricultural Operations on the UC Riverside campus.Probit regression analyses will be used to develop predictive models, which will be used to develop new and more effective cropping decision models for sugar beet growers.1c. Determine the Interactions Among Crop Cultivars and the Indigenous Hyperparasite Dactylella oviparasitica Enabling Development of Soils Suppressive Against Other Cyst Nematodes Including the Soybean Cyst Nematode1d. Developing Cropping Decision Models that Enable the Creation of Maintenance of Soils that Suppress the Other Cyst Nematodes Including the Soybean Cyst NematodeWe will perform studies similar to those described in Objective 1a/1b above to complete these objectives.
Target Audience
This project has four interrelated objectives listed below, however I only perform work in OBJECTIVES 1, 3 and 4.The target audiences for this project are (i) scientists endeavoring to perform similar studies targeting both similar and different pathogens, (ii) scientists performing molecular based studies that would benefit from the tools we have and are developing and (iii) stakeholders that could benefit from the solutions that are developed both directly and indirectly from our research.In addition, James Borneman integrates his research findings and related concepts into his undergraduate and graduate level microbiology courses, which he teaches every year: MCBL 126, an undergraduate microbiology course in microbiomes and MCBL 226, a graduate microbiology course in microbiomes. OBJECTIVE 1. To discover, identify, and characterize microbes, biological control agents, biorational compounds, pathogen-suppressive microbiomes, as well as cultural practices and organic amendments that reduce plant diseases and damage caused by soilborne plant pathogens and improve plant health. OBJECTIVE 2. To determine how microbial populations function to suppress disease and how plants and the environment relate to this function. OBJECTIVE 3. Develop, assess, and promote sustainable management strategies and practices for soilborne pathogens that are IPM-based and are compatible with soil health management OBJECTIVE 4. Provide outreach, education, extension and technology transfer to growers, stakeholders, students and other scientists.
Changes / Problems
Nothing Reported
Training & Professional Development
James Borneman trained 3 Ph.D. students, 1 Project Scientist, 1 Junior Specialist, and 1 visiting scientist.
Dissemination Streams
Presentation by James Borneman: Metabolic Modeling and Microbe-Based Strategies to Manage HLB. Visit from Chinese Delegation from Various Universities and Institutes with Expertise in HLB. Meeting in Riverside CA, January 13, 2020. Presentation by James Borneman: Indigenous Populations of Dactylella oviparasitica Appear to Suppress Cyst Nematode Populations in Several Regions & Crops. Annual Meeting of Western Regional Project W-4147 on Biological Control, December 4 2020, Zoom because of COVID pandemic. James Borneman is a senior editor for the journal,Phytobiomes. James Borneman is a senior editor for the journal,PhytoFrontiers. James Borneman gave presentations to undergraduate and graduate students in his two Microbiomes courses (MCBL 126 & MCBL 226). These presentations covered biological suppression of plant parasitic nematodes as well as root microbes that may inhibit or exacerbate Huanglongbing disease of citrus.
Next Reporting Steps
OBJECTIVE 1. To discover, identify, and characterize microbes, biological control agents, biorational compounds, pathogen-suppressive microbiomes, as well as cultural practices and organic amendments that reduce plant diseases and damage caused by soilborne plant pathogens and improve plant health. We are in the process of isolating the putative beneficial organisms described above. We will then examine them by causality tests. OBJECTIVE 3. Develop, assess, and promote sustainable management strategies and practices for soilborne pathogens that are IPM-based and are compatible with soil health management We will continue with the abovementioned research and perform similar experiments with soils cropped to sugar beets in the Imperial Valley of California. OBJECTIVE 4. Provide outreach, education, extension and technology transfer to growers, stakeholders, students and other scientists. We will continue to perform the abovementioned outreach.
Target Audience
This project has four interrelated objectives listed below, however I only perform work in OBJECTIVES 1, 3 and 4.The target audiences for this project are (i) scientists endeavoring to perform similar studies targeting both similar and different pathogens, (ii) scientists performing molecular based studies that would benefit from the tools we have and are developing and (iii) stakeholders that could benefit from the solutions that are developed both directly and indirectly from our research.In addition, James Borneman integrates his research findings and related concepts into his undergraduate and graduate level microbiology courses, which he teaches every year: MCBL 126, an undergraduate microbiology course in microbiomes and MCBL 226, a graduate microbiology course in microbiomes. OBJECTIVE 1. To discover, identify, and characterize microbes, biological control agents, biorational compounds, pathogen-suppressive microbiomes, as well as cultural practices and organic amendments that reduce plant diseases and damage caused by soilborne plant pathogens and improve plant health. OBJECTIVE 2. To determine how microbial populations function to suppress disease and how plants and the environment relate to this function. OBJECTIVE 3. Develop, assess, and promote sustainable management strategies and practices for soilborne pathogens that are IPM-based and are compatible with soil health management OBJECTIVE 4. Provide outreach, education, extension and technology transfer to growers, stakeholders, students and other scientists.
Changes / Problems
Nothing Reported
Training & Professional Development
James Borneman trained 3 Ph.D. students, 1 Project Scientist, 1 Junior Specialist, and 1 visiting scientist.
Dissemination Streams
Presentation by James Borneman titled "Microbiome Analyses of HLB Infected Citrus Trees." Annual Meeting of Western Regional Project W-3147 on Biological Control, November 30 2018, Azure Hotel, Ontario, CA. Presentation by James Borneman titled " Use of Dactylella oviparasitica to Improve the Sugarbeet Cropping Decision Model." Sugarbeet Work Group Meeting, February 8 2019, Holtville CA. James Borneman integrates his research findings and related concepts into his undergraduate and graduate level microbiology courses, which he teaches every year: MCBL 126, an undergraduate microbiology course in microbiomes and MCBL 226, a graduate microbiology course in microbiomes.
Next Reporting Steps
OBJECTIVE 1. To discover, identify, and characterize microbes, biological control agents, biorational compounds, pathogen-suppressive microbiomes, as well as cultural practices and organic amendments that reduce plant diseases and damage caused by soilborne plant pathogens and improve plant health. We are in the process of isolating the putative beneficial organisms described above. We will then examine them by causality tests. OBJECTIVE 3. Develop, assess, and promote sustainable management strategies and practices for soilborne pathogens that are IPM-based and are compatible with soil health management We will continue with the abovementioned research and perform similar experiments with soils cropped to sugar beets in the Imperial Valley of California. OBJECTIVE 4. Provide outreach, education, extension and technology transfer to growers, stakeholders, students and other scientists. We will continue to perform the abovementioned outreach. <br><br>
<br>What was accomplished under these goals? OBJECTIVE 1. To discover, identify, and characterize microbes, biological control agents, biorational compounds, pathogen-suppressive microbiomes, as well as cultural practices and organic amendments that reduce plant diseases and damage caused by soilborne plant pathogens and improve plant health. We have examined the bacteria and fungi of HLB survivor and non-survivor trees in Florida over the last four years. Survivor trees are those that have a very slow rate of decline. These studies determined that the most abundant bacteria and fungi in the survivor trees - which have a disease rating of 3 on a scale of 1 to 5 - have similar microbes to the healthiest trees (disease rating of 1) that have a normal and rapid rate of decline. We are in the process of isolating these organisms, which we will then examine by causality tests. OBJECTIVE 3. Develop, assess, and promote sustainable management strategies and practices for soilborne pathogens that are IPM-based and are compatible with soil health management We performed a study where the goal was to determine whether indigenous populations of the nematophagous fungus,Hyalorbilia oviparasitica(formerlyDactylella oviparasitica) and related fungi, were associated with suppression of the sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) in Californian soils previously cropped toBrassicaspecies. Experiments to determine the amount of biologicalH. schachtiisuppressiveness in these soils were performed by planting aH. schachtiihost crop in autoclaved and unautoclaved portions of each soil, infesting them withH. schachtii, and then counting the number ofH. schachtiifemales after two nematode generations. The amount of suppressiveness was calculated by dividing the number ofH. schachtiifemales per gram of fresh cabbage roots from the autoclaved soils by those from the unautoclaved soils. The relationship between the amounts ofH. schachtiisuppressiveness and the population densities ofH. oviparasiticaand related fungi was examined in two ways. These analyses showed that the four soils with the highest amounts of nematode suppressiveness also had the highest population densities of these fungi, and that there was a strong positive correlation between the levels ofH. schachtiisuppressiveness and these fungi across all of the tested soils. Our results suggest that members of theH. oviparasiticaClade, which are globally distributed, could be reducing the populations of several different cyst nematodes that detrimentally impact a wide variety of economically important crops. We expect that this research will lead to the development of new cropping decision models that will enable growers to be create and maintain soils that suppressH. schachtii, which we anticipate will lead to higher crop yields and profitability for the growers. We expect that this research will lead to the development of new methods - namely applying the beneficial fungus to field soils - that will enable growers to be create and maintain soils that suppressH. schachtii, which we anticipate will lead to higher crop yields and profitability for the growers. OBJECTIVE 4. Provide outreach, education, extension and technology transfer to growers, stakeholders, students and other scientists. Presentation by James Borneman titled "Microbiome Analyses of HLB Infected Citrus Trees." Annual Meeting of Western Regional Project W-3147 on Biological Control, November 30 2018, Azure Hotel, Ontario, CA. Presentation by James Borneman titled " Use of Dactylella oviparasitica to Improve the Sugarbeet Cropping Decision Model." Sugarbeet Work Group Meeting, February 8 2019, Holtville CA. James Borneman integrates his research findings and related concepts into his undergraduate and graduate level microbiology courses, which he teaches every year: MCBL 126, an undergraduate microbiology course in microbiomes and MCBL 226, a graduate microbiology course in microbiomes. <br><br><b>Publications</b><br>